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CSEC® Human and Social Biology Past Papers THE FSC

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11 Biology Lahore haseebshafiq28

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UltravioletBUVB290320nmparticipateinthedevelopmentofthecutaneousinflammatoryresponsewhichincludesacascadeofeventsthatinvolvesincreasedexpressionofcyclooxygenase2COX2releaseoftumornecrosisfactoralphaTNFαandotherinflammatorycytokinesPeroxisomeproliferatoractivatedreceptorsPPARαγareconsideredtobepotentialtargetsforphotoprotectionbecausetheyinhibitUVBmediatedinflammatoryresponsesInthisstudyweinvestigatedtheeffectofferulicacidonUVBradiationinducedexpressionofTNFαandCOX2inhumandermalfibroblastsHDFaFurthertheactionofferulicacidonPPARαγactivationanditsbindinginteractionwiththeseproteinswereanalyzedbyinducedfitdockingWefoundthatonetimeUVBexposure198mJcm2showedsignificantlyincreasedtheexpressionsofCOX2andTNFαinHDFaafter4hpostirradiationwhencomparedtothecontrolcellsFerulicacidpretreatmentfor30minbeforeUVBexposurepreventedU

Ferulic acid modulates ultraviolet-B radiation mediated inflammatory signaling in human dermal fibroblasts researchinbiology

Molecules of life: talk about atom and compounds and the basis of important molecules of life: carbohydrate, protein, lipid and nucleic acid.

Molecules of life k_buddhachat

Wymondham College 1983 b1249553

A phytoplanktonic unicellular alga known as diatoms belonging to the class Bacillariophyceae, possess a distinct, highly ornamented siliceous cell wall consisting of two overlapping halves. Diatoms are found both in marine and freshwater environment and also in moist habitats. A study was designed to assess and examine the morphology of diatoms in Chapanala and Jiajuri, two silica rich sites in Nagaon district of Assam as reported by Geological Survey of India. Samples were collected from aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats of the study sites and immediately transferred to Diatom specific Media. The samples were then subjected to acid wash treatment for detailed microscopic observations. Nanoporous structures of freshwater diatom frustules have been well characterized through extensive SEM analysis. The prominent forms include - Pinnularia sp., Navicula sp., Achnanthidium sp., Nitzschia sp. and Eunotia sp.

Characterization of silica nanoporous structures of freshwater diatom frustules researchinbiology

The recent biophysical characteristics of domestic water sources in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria was studied for quality. The selected water sources were borehole, Otamiri River, Nworie Rivers, tap water and rain water. Results of bio-load study of the water sources revealed borehole water to have the least colony forming units per milliliter of total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC), total coliform count (TCC), total Salmonella-Shigella count (TSSC), and total fungal count (TFC), as against the Otamiri River with the highest values. Physicochemical characteristics of water sources studied were within permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) standards for domestic use. The high percentage occurrence of Salmonella species among other bacterial genera in the studied water sources raises a health concern. These could be behind the high incidence of diarrhoea and typhoid infections, routinely reported in the clinics within the metropolis.

Recent biophysical characteristics of domestic water sources in Owerri Metropolis, Nigeria researchinbiology

The study of bird species inhabiting certain wetlands around Bhadra Reservoir Project (BRP), Shivamogga, Karnataka was carried out from February 2008 to January 2010. The total of 68 species of wetland birds belonging to nineteen families and six orders. Of these, Anatidae (15%) and Ardidae (13%) have more than nine species. The diversity may be attributed the moderate volume of water storage, availability of food and assured protection to these birds. Additionally we recorded seven types of migratory birds visiting these ponds. Those include White-necked Stork, Shoveler, Pintail, Grey Plover, Curlew, Ringtailed-fishing Eagle and Black-winged Stilt. All these wetlands are important places for foraging activity of wetland birds. In order to protect these wetland birds, the wetlands should be conserved by controlling encroachment, pollution and other anthropogenic activities.

Diversity of Wetland dependent birds around the Bhadra Reservoir Project BRP area, Karnataka researchinbiology

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in agriculture; this group of compounds includes very toxic chemicals. Diazinon (IUPAC name: O,O-Diethyl O-[4-methyl-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl] phosphorothioate, INN- Dimpylate) is used often in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Regular tropical rain-floods and the Yucatan’s karstic topography allow Diazinon to be incorporated quickly into the freshwater watersheds and other aquatic ecosystems surrounding agricultural areas. This dispersion process has various negative consequences for the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study we used the Yucatan Molly (Poecilia velífera) a native and endemic fish of Southeastern Mexico as a biomonitor for the first time to assess some of the basic gaps in the Diazinon toxicity data. 96 juvenile fish (fry) were exposed to two time exposure-observations; for acute (24 hours) and chronic exposures (10 weeks).

Identification lethal and sub lethal concentrations LC50 of Organophosphate OP pesticide Diazinon using an endemic species Yucatan Molly, Poecilia velifera Regan 1914 as a potential biomonitor for the intensive agricultural activities of Southeaster researchinbiology

This paper presents a continuum of triangulation designs ranging from Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), surveys, parasitological to satellite data for a holistic approach to a research on trypanosomiasis – a disease affecting human and livestock. The purpose is to combine several methods to improve the quality of trypanosomiasis control in the coastal savannah. This is the most extensive work on trypanosomiais in an African coastal savannah ecosystem, covering eleven districts in Ghana. In this study, quantitative results were supplemented by qualitative methods to improve on the validity and reliability. The study focused on farmers’ production objectives, constraints associated with the use of Berenil® to control trypanosomiasis, and satellite data for mapping areas at the risk of diseases for appropriate targeting, predictions and control.

Empirical validation of reliability of triangulation methods of mixed-method mode research: Quality improvement strategies for trypanosomiasis control researchinbiology

Cattle trypanosomiasis is a major constraint to livestock development in Ghana and is demonstrated by the fact that cattle farmers treat the disease by themselves. The main objective of this study is to identify the constraints associated with the control of trypanosomiasis by cattle farmers. To identify the constraints, 250 herdsmen were interviewed on the use of trypanocides to treat cattle trypanosomiasis. The interview focused on treatment procedures such as knowledge of diagnosis, trypanosomiasis treatment procedures, dilutions, injection techniques, volume of trypanocides used and prophylaxis use. The data were supplemented by relevant records and information from the following sources: Department of Veterinary Technical officers (Community Animal Health/Frontline Staffs), District veterinary doctors and the National Head of Tsetse and trypanosomiasis Control Unit.

Constraints in the control of animal trypanosomiasis by cattle farmers in coastal savannah of Ghana: Quality aspects of drug use researchinbiology

Mechanism of bioluminescence and light-emitting sources in higher fungi remain as an open question for a long time. We investigated the mycelium of cultivated luminous Panellus stipticus using confocal microscopy. No excitation light was imposed on the sample. Two types of sources of bioluminescence and their location were determined in the substrate mycelium. One were small 0.1-3 μm local formations disposed on the surface of hyphae, the other - relatively vast areas in bulk of the nutrient medium. No luminescence signal was recorded inside the hyphae. This may mean that the components of luminescent reaction are spatially separated within the cells, or the intracellular conditions block the reaction. The origin and formation of the light-emitting structures are discussed.

Source of light emission in a luminous mycelium of the fungus Panellus stipticus researchinbiology

Butterflies of the family Pieridae are common in tropical parts of the world. They are considered as major pollinators as well as pests of economically important plants. Catopsilia pomona is a dominant pierid butterfly found in association with wild plants of Tripura, northeast India. It is abundant throughout the year. Present study was conducted to document the eco-biology of Catopsilia pomona with special reference to its life table attributes in the state of Tripura. Survival rates of life cycle stages in the semi-natural as well as in the field were the maximum during the wet and hot season. Mortality (k value) of different life cycle stages as a proportion of individuals dying during development varied from 0.16 to 0.46 in different seasons. Results suggested that abiotic factors and mortality factors of egg significantly influenced the survival rate of C. pomona population.

Eco-biology of Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Fabricius Lepidoptera: Pieridae with special reference to its life table attributes in Tripura, India researchinbiology

Butterflies were enumerated during February 2010 to January 2012 using pollard walk method to assess the species diversity in the tropical thorn dry deciduous (Deccan Plateau) scrub jungle with granite boulder outcrop habitats of Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Bellary District, Karnataka. This area, a total of 5,587.30 hectares is being proposed for the conservation of threatened species of Indian subcontinent the Sloth bear, Melursus ursinus and announded as a Sanctuary. A total of 41 butterfly species belonging to Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae families were recorded. Two species of butterflies recorded from this region have a protected status under the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Habitat destruction in terms of mining activity can be a potential threat to this area and is suggested to be the reason for the reduction of species richness and abundance of butterflies in impacted areas of the study site.

Butterfly fauna of Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Hospet, Bellary District, Karnataka, India researchinbiology

Enzymes are proteins highly specific in their actions on substrates and serve as biocatalysts. They are produced by cells in order to accelerate both the rate and specificity of metabolic reactions. Microbial enzymes are known for their unique characteristics over other sources due to their easy production on a commercial scale and stability. Different microorganisms are known to produce various enzymes such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes which produce a variety of extra-cellular and endo-cellular enzymes. Some of these actinomycetes enzymes have been isolated from the culture filtrates or the mycelium, concentrated and purified. Others have only been demonstrated in the mycelium of the organism. However, the ability to produce a variety of enzymes may be an attractive phenomenon in these microorganisms since they are nutritionally quite versatile.

Microbial production of glutaminase enzyme researchinbiology

The tropical warehouse moth, Ephestia cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a major pest of stored maize in Ghana. It is controlled mainly by the use of synthetic insecticides which has become a major challenge in the stored product industry in Ghana. Both laboratory and field trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor against E. cautella. Five concentrations of Novaluron (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mL/L of water) were prepared and each concentration was topically applied on the notal regions of 10 fifth instar larvae of E. cautella per concentration. At 0.4 mL/L and 0.5 mL/L treatments, larval mortality ranged between 50-80% after 96 h of exposure. Also, Novaluron (0.5 mL/L) was used to treat four surfaces (concrete, wood, glass and plastic) usually encountered in structural insect pest management systems and the larvae exposed to these surfaces.

Bioefficacy of Novaluron®, a chitin synthesis inhibitor against the tropical warehouse moth, Ephestia cautella researchinbiology

Nicobar long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis umbrosa Miller, 1902) are distributed in three Islands of Nicobar namely Great Nicobar, Little Nicobar and Katchal. Their insular population requires special attention from research and management perspectives. Daily activity budget of M.f. umbrosa in the Great Nicobar Island was studied from October 2011 to September 2013 by intensive direct observation method. Study revealed that Nicobar long-tailed macaque, undergoes most of the time for Locomotion (36.07%), followed by feeding (22.35%), resting or being inactive (15.74%), grooming (11.14%), vocalization (7.03%), playing (5.64%), sexual arousal (1.46%) and agonistic (0.56%). All daily activities have significant difference (χ2 = 1156.22; df = 7, P = 0.05). Chi-square test demonstrated that the daily activity budget differed significantly among the behaviours. Qualitative results found that the interaction within the group was fighting and grabbing food.

Daily Activity Budget of Nicobar Long-tailed Macaque Macaca fascicularis umbrosa in Great Nicobar Island, India researchinbiology

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Lalan Fernando

Use This Maskless Lithography Device For Your Biology & Chemistry Experiments francis

NBSE_Biology-12 Full Marks

Biodiversity and Climate Change Transforming the Biosphere Thomas E. Lovejoy Lee Hannah Edward O. Wilson ibed_guidance

เอกสารติวเข้ม ชีววิทยา สันกำแพง phisit.yaemnun

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